Norman Word
|
Meaning in English
|
Old Norse (origin)
|
|
| acllaumpaer |
to tie together, to fix |
klampi (hook, peg) |
| acre |
acre |
akr (field, harvest); åker in N, acker, yacker in Y |
| agrap |
bait which is thrown on snow catch birds |
grípa (to catch) |
| agrès (MF) |
tackle (Naut) |
greði |
| amain |
of easy use |
almanna (for everyone) |
| arrimer (MF) |
to stow (Naut) |
rýma |
| atori |
stained, mouldy |
torr (ruined) |
|
| bâbord (MF) |
port side (Naut) |
bakborði |
| badaé |
soaked, covered with mud |
baða (to bathe) |
| bar |
stretcher |
bera (to bear) |
| bardeau (MF) |
(Naut) |
barði |
| bateau (MF) |
boat |
bátur |
| bau |
beam |
* bjalkr |
| beaupré (MF) |
bowsprit (Naut) |
bógsproti |
| bec |
stream |
bekkr; beck in Y, bekk in N |
| bécard, béquerel |
lamb above 1 year |
bekri (ram) |
| bédière, bédot |
bad bed |
beðr (bed, litter) |
| ber |
cradle |
bera (to bear) |
| betas |
yard (Naut) |
OD betàs; beiti-áss in Ic |
| bette |
fishing bait |
beita |
| bie |
kind of jug |
biða (little wood container) |
| bingue |
round wicker basket with two handles |
bingr (container) |
| bitaer |
to touch |
bíta (to bite) |
| bitte (MF) |
pillar to fasten boats (Naut) |
biti |
| blikyi |
to squint |
blíkja (to shine, to glitter) |
| bllêque |
overripe |
bleikr (pale); blek (idem) in N, blake (sallow, yellow complexion) in Y |
| bord (MF) |
board (Naut) |
borð |
| bouline (MF) |
bowline (Naut) |
bóglína |
| brague |
vivacious, noisy |
braka (to crackle) |
| brant |
sharp prow (Naut) |
brandr (spur) |
| brayer (MF) |
kind of rope (Naut) |
bræða |
| brier |
to knead |
briðja (to grind, to break, to chew vigorously) or Germanic brekan |
| bru |
bride, daughter-in-law |
brúðr (bride) |
| bruman |
bridegroom, son-in-law |
brúðmaðr (bridegroom) |
| brûquet |
brisket |
brjósk (cartilage); briùsk in OD |
| bu(t)/bye, beuf |
shed (now usually found as part of a place name) |
búð |
| buret, buron |
piggery, little shed |
búr (lean-to, little shed) |
|
| canne |
copper container to carry milk |
*kanna (container to put on a table, a big cup); N kanne |
| carlingue (MF) |
cabin (Naut) |
OD karling |
| catouilli |
to tickle |
**kittla; kittle in Y, kile in N |
| célin, célan |
pilchard, kind of sardine which is used to bait |
síld (herring) |
| cingler (MF) |
to make for (Naut) |
sigla |
| cliu |
little piece of fabric |
klútr (scarf) |
| cllapâodaer |
to dabble |
* ?; klappe (to apply quickly, to put down quickly, to slap with the hand) in N, clap (idem) in Y |
| colin (MF) |
hake (fish) |
koli |
| coque, coqueron |
hay heap which is let dry in a field |
kökkr (heap), cock (idem) in Y |
| cotte; cottin; cotie |
little shed; little house; row of houses |
kot (little house) |
| crabe (MF) |
crab |
krabbi |
| craque (f. noun) |
crow, sloe (in relation with the plumage color of the bird) |
kráka (f. noun : crow); kråke in N (idem), crake in Y; ON krækiber (small black berries), N krækjeber/kråkeber (idem) |
| crax |
kind of little bird (Saxicola torquata) |
kráka (crow); kråke in N (idem), crake (idem) in Y |
| crique (MF) |
creek |
kriki (little bay) |
|
| dale |
valley |
dalr; dal in N, dale in Y |
| dalle |
drain, sink which is carved in stone |
dæla (trench, trough, gutter) |
| dalot (MF) |
hole inside a boat to evacuate water (Naut) |
dæla (trench, trough, gutter) |
| dam |
marsh area |
dammr (water reserve) |
| dégréer (MF) |
to unrig (Naut) |
greiða |
| delle |
ploughed piece of land |
deill |
| dic(k) |
dyke |
díki |
| doque, dogue, doche |
a plant which leaf is used to ease nettle stings |
dokka; ådocka in Swedish, docken in Y |
| drague |
waders |
* draga (to drag) |
| dran (MF) |
(Naut) |
drendr |
| dranet |
fishing net which is draged |
dragnet (draga (to drag) and net (net)) |
| drôle |
imaginary being which is able to frighten, goblin, troll |
tröll |
|
| ebbe |
ebb tide |
* OD ebbe |
| écalle |
banquet hall (now usually found as part of place names) |
skáli; * scale (pasture, summer dwelling) in Y |
| écanchoun |
scraggy |
skakkr (tilted, unequal, wrung) |
| écart (MF) |
(Naut) |
skarfr |
| écarver (MF) |
(Naut) |
skarfa |
| éclo |
horse hoof track |
slóð (track) |
| écomaunt |
disgusting |
skömm (shame) |
| écoraer |
to count dried fish |
skora (to mark) |
| écore |
steep band (along a river) |
skor (crak, precipice); * scar, scaur (idem) in Y |
| écoute (MF) |
rope which is fastened on the sail bottom corners to fix and adjust its orientation (Naut) |
skaut |
| écrède |
scale |
* skreið (fish shoal, dried fish) |
| égrillaer, grillaer |
to slide |
skriðla; OS skrilla (to skate) |
| élingue (MF) |
sling |
slyngva |
| élinguer (MF) |
to sling (to load a parcel) (Naut) |
slyngva |
| élugi |
to stun, to exhaust, drunk |
lÿjask (to be tired) |
| embarni |
to make a woman pregnant |
barna (idem); barn (young child in Y, under 13 years in N) |
| enfétounnaer |
to fasten the cows to prevent them from eating the apples in the apple-trees |
festr (rope) |
| équiper (MF) |
to equip (Naut) |
skipa |
| eskei |
easy to drive ship of little size (Naut) |
skeið |
| eskipre |
seaman |
skipari (sailor) |
| esnèque |
easy to drive ship of little size (Naut) |
snekkja |
| esquif (MF) |
little ship (Naut) |
skip |
| est (MF) |
east |
austur |
| estague |
stay (Naut) |
stag |
| estière |
helm (Naut) |
stýri |
| estran |
shore |
* strönd |
| estrenc |
rope (Naut) |
strengr |
| esturman |
pilot, steersman (Naut) |
stýrimaðr (steersman) |
| étac |
heap |
stakkur |
| étalingue (MF) |
chain which is bound with the anckor (Naut) |
staglína |
| étambot (MF) |
piece of wood or metal which forms the rear limit of the hull (Naut) |
stafn-borð |
| étambrai (MF) |
(Naut) |
timbr |
| étigot |
piece of wood which sticks out |
**stigi (ladder); stige (ladder, stile, fence) in N, stee, stey (idem) in Y |
| étoc |
tree trunc |
stokkr (tree trunc, log) |
| étrave (MF) |
big building piece, longitudinal or median, at fhe forward part of the boat keel (Naut) |
stafn |
| étui (MF) |
canvas which wraps up the sail or covers up the boat (Naut) |
stæðingr |
| ey |
island (now found as suffix in island names) |
ey; ey in Y, øy in N |
| eyaer |
to see, to observe, to put an eye |
eygja (to see, to look at); related to auga (eye) |
|
| falle |
bird crop, chest, stomac |
falr (hole inside which is put the stick to fix a spear) |
| feste |
kind of rope (Naut) |
festr (rope) |
| fiaée |
big amount |
fé (herd) |
| finaer |
to find |
finna |
| flâner (MF) |
to stroll |
flana (to act hastilly and carelessly) |
| flleu, fleur |
bay, marsh (now usually found as suffix in place names) |
flói |
| fllie |
kind of sea shell |
same origin as Faeroean flidha |
| flliet |
little stream |
fljót (stream) |
| fllique |
piece of bread or meat |
flikki (bacon rasher) |
| fllo |
herd |
flokkr (group, troop) |
| fllonaer |
to get angry, to irritate |
flóna (to heat up, usually milk) |
| fllot; flot (MF) |
flood |
flóð |
| fllotte (à) |
afloat |
á floti |
| fllouette, fllouet |
weather cock |
fluga (fly) |
| flloundre |
plaice (fish) |
OD flundra ; flynder in Danish; flyðra in Ic |
| flotte (MF) |
fleet (Naut) |
floti |
| forlenc |
groop of furrows of a certain width (Agric) |
from AS : furlang in OE |
| furolles |
will-o’-the-wisp |
* fýri (fire) |
|
| gade, grade |
currant |
gaddr (thorn) |
| gales |
joys, festivities |
gala (to sing) |
| galetaer |
to shiver with cold |
kaldr (cold) |
| gardin |
garden |
garðr; Y garth. |
| gare |
river bank |
vör or Frankish warôn |
| gate |
way, street, narrow passage |
gata; gate (way, street) in Y, gata (street) in N |
| gaupaillaer |
to eat gluttonously |
* gapa (to open wide the mouth) or gúlpa (to chew with the mouth full); gape (idem) in N, gawp (idem) in Y |
| génotte, gernotte |
little plant (Conopodium majus) which underground tuber is edible |
jarðhnot (earth (jar) nut (hnot)); jordnøtt in N |
| gloe |
log |
glóð (glowing embers) |
| gnaquaer |
to bite |
** gnaga (to gnaw) |
| gord |
fishery made with 2 rows of poles, on a river ground, closed with a net |
garðr (fence) |
| goubelin |
imaginary being which is able to frighten, goblin, troll |
?; goblin in English |
| gravaer |
to pierce, to mark with pox |
grafa (to dig); ** graave in Y |
| gréer (MF) |
to rig (Naut) |
greiða (to fit out, to get ready) |
| greillot |
hook to hitch up |
greiða (to fit out, to get ready) |
| grou |
liquid manure |
**gróf (hole); grop (drain) in N, groop (liquid manure drain) in Y |
| grunne |
rocky sea bed which uncovers rarely |
grunn |
| guaunchaer |
to go |
ganga |
guenette, guenipe
(gouine in French) |
bad life woman, lesbian |
kvinna (woman) |
| guilledou (courir le) (MF) |
to look for love affairs (and to run “hunting” like a wolf for this) |
kveldúlfr (evening-wolf) |
| guindas, guindeau (MF) |
little capstan with an horizontal axis (Naut) |
vindáss |
| guinder (MF) |
to pull up via a pulley and a rope (Naut) |
vinda |
|
| hâ |
little shark (fish) |
hár |
| hague |
red bay of howthorn |
hag (from hagthorn : hawthorn) |
| hague |
open meadow |
hagi |
| hagui |
to chop |
OD hagga; Ic höggva (to hit with an axe) |
| haler (MF) |
to haul in, to tow (Naut) |
hala |
| hammaer |
to row to move back (Naut) |
hamla |
| han |
plant which lives along the river banks (with long roots) |
hampr (hemp) |
| hanequaer |
to tighten strongly the rolled up sail (Naut) |
hankar (hank) |
| hangar (MF) |
warehouse |
heimisgarðr (home); OD heimsgarðr |
| har |
hair |
hár |
| harousse |
old horse, old mare |
hross (horse or mare) |
| harpaer, happaer |
to grap, to catch |
* harpa (to grip, to pinch) |
| hâtie |
hate |
hata (to hate) |
| haubaner (MF) |
to fix with cables (Naut) |
höfuð-benda |
| have, havenet |
shrimp or bird net |
háfr (net) and net (net) |
| havetâoque |
little octopus |
from haf (sea), means “sea pocket” |
| havette (bête -; f. noun) |
fantastic animal who attracts children in the bottom of the waters |
háfr (net) or hafkitta (f. noun : big creature living in the sea) |
| havre (MF) |
haven |
höfn; OD hafn (port) |
| havroun |
wild oat |
hafri (oat); havre (idem) in N, haver (idem) in Y |
| hel |
tiller (Naut) |
OD helm; hjálmr (helm) in Ic |
| herquette |
rake |
herkja (to roam) |
| hétier |
big flat pan |
* heitr (burning, hot) |
| heune |
head, top (Naut) |
húnn |
| hore, horette |
young girl |
hóra (hore) |
| hougue |
mound, hill |
haugr |
| houle (MF) |
swell |
hola (hollow) |
| houlle |
round hill (now found in place names) |
hóll |
| houlme, houme, homme |
islet |
hólmi |
| houmard |
lobster |
humarr |
| houole (f. noun) |
cavity, hole, cavity inside rocks |
hola (f. noun : hole) |
| houvelin |
spider crab |
* hófr (hoof) |
| houvet |
sort of crabe |
* hófr (hoof) |
| hovelland |
the place where the furrows stop on perpendicular furrows (Agric) |
from AS : heafodland in OE |
| hublot (MF) |
porthole (Naut) |
húfa |
| hus |
house (now found as suffix in place names) |
hús |
|
| itague (MF) |
(Naut) |
útstag |
| jaumière (MF) |
(Naut) |
hjálm |
| jinganne (de) |
askew |
vingla (to confuse) or vingladhr (confused) |
|
| lague |
specy, race |
lag (order, position, community, law) |
| land |
land (now found as suffix in place names) |
land |
| lanet |
net which tightened |
lagnet (leggja (to lay) and net (net)) |
| lâonaer |
to stroll |
* lúinn (tired, exhausted) |
| leican |
simpleton (simple minded) |
* leika (to play); laik, lek (idem) in Y, lek (idem) in N |
| liban (MF) |
(Naut) |
lík-band |
| lieu (MF) |
pollock, coley (fish) |
lýðrr |
| lige |
free, independant, empty |
* ?; ligge (to stay, to lie down) in N, lig, ligg (idem) in Y |
| lingue (MF) |
kind of fish |
lyng-fiskr |
| londe |
grove |
lundr |
| loure |
norman bagpipe or kind of bag |
lúðr (kind of horn) |
|
| mâove |
sea bird |
már, plur. mávar |
| marsouin (MF) |
porpoise |
marsvín (kind of whale) |
| mat (MF) |
mast (Naut) |
mastr |
| matenot |
companion |
mötunautr or Dutch mattenot |
| melgreux |
grass which grows on sand dunes |
from melr (dune) and græs (grass); melgresi in Ic |
| melle |
ring which is used to fix an animal |
mella (slipknot) |
| merque |
mark, track, particularity |
merki |
| mielle |
sand dune |
mellr (-mel(l)(s) as a placename element in Scandinavian England, e.g., Ingoldmells (Lincolnshire) |
| minchi |
to break, to spoil |
* minnka (to diminish) |
| mucre, muque |
mould |
mygla (same sens) ou mykr (manure); muck (manure) in Y, møkk (manure, dirt) in N |
| mulaer (se) |
to sulk |
múli (mouth) |
|
| naquettaer |
to have one’s teeth chattering |
gnötra (the same, due to a mortal desease) or nötra (to shiver) |
| nez (MF) |
cape |
nes; ** ness in Y |
| nord (MF) |
north |
norður |
|
| orfi |
kind of thin and long fish |
hornfiskr |
| ouaiche, houage (MF) |
wake (Naut) |
vök |
| ouest (MF) |
west |
vestur |
| ouinaer |
to cry |
veina (to moan) |
| oure |
rocky and uncultivated slope |
urð (heap of stones fallen from a hill side) |
|
| pouque |
bag, sack |
poki; poke in Y, pakke (paquet, parcel) in N |
| quille (MF) |
keel (Naut) |
kjölr |
| racage (MF) |
collar which is put around the mast to diminish a yard friction (Naut) |
rakki |
| rade |
straight avenue, straight alley |
raða (to align, to put in order) |
| ralingue (MF) |
rope which reenforces the sail edges (Naut) |
rálik |
| raque |
perced bowl which is used to make a “racage” (Naut) |
rakki (“racage”) |
| raquer (MF) |
(Naut) |
raka (to rake hay) |
| raquillon |
hay scrap which is eaten by the cattle, pear or apple core |
rask (scrap) |
| raun |
king of sea shell, young ram under 2 years |
ram (ram) |
| raz (MF) |
strong current in a narrow passage which links two seas |
rás (current, channel) |
| rêquaer, rêchaer |
to pick up the last fruits |
* rekja (to extend) or raka (to rake hay) |
| reuchin |
round trip, course |
hringr (ring) |
| ridet |
male hare |
* riða (verb which describes the mating of a male animal, moreover of the horse) |
| rimée |
hoarfrost |
hrím |
| ringuenaie |
round dance |
hringr (ring) |
| riper (MF) |
to let slide (Naut) |
rispa |
| ris (MF) |
part of the sail where are the ties which allow to decrease the sail surface (Naut) |
rif |
| rogue, roque |
fish eggs |
hrogn |
| rohal |
walrus |
rosmhvalr (rosm = red, red-brown) |
| ronchaint |
field round |
hring (ring) |
| rouf (MF) |
roof deck which does not extent on all the ship surface (Naut) |
hróf |
|
| sigle |
sail (Naut) |
segl (same meaning) or sigla (to set sail) |
| sombrer (MF) |
to sink (Naut) |
sumla |
| sud (MF) |
south |
suður |
| sund |
strait, passage (Naut) |
sund |
| supaer |
to suck up |
súpa |
|
| talputte |
fish which is found in the puddles |
from pyttr (puddle) |
| tanguer (MF) |
to pitch (Naut) |
tangi |
| taungoun |
kind of seaweed (long, brown, on rocky shores) |
þang |
| thuit |
cleared area |
þveit |
| tialz |
tent which is pitched on a ship board at moorage (Naut) |
tiald |
| tierre |
chain or rope which is used to fix an animal to a post |
tjóðr |
| tillac (MF) |
upper desk on a ship (Naut) |
þilja |
| tille (MF) |
(Naut) |
þilja |
| tilli |
to split, to shop, to prune |
telgja (to shop with a knife or an axe) |
| tolet (MF) |
cylindrical piece around which a moving element pivots (Naut) |
þollr |
| tondre |
tinder |
tundr |
| torve |
peat |
torf, torfa |
| tôt (m. noun) |
farm |
tóft (f. noun) |
| touer (MF) |
to tow (Naut) |
toga |
| tourp |
isolated farm, hamlet (now found in place names) |
þorp (village, a clearing in the forest in Proto-Nordic); torp in N, thorp(e), torp, trop (hamlet; now found in place names) in Y |
| tribord (MF) |
starboard (Naut) |
OD stíorbordh; Ic stjórnbordhi |
| tro |
kneading-trough |
trog |
| trutaé |
curdled |
þrútna (to rise, to swell) |
| tun |
enclosed meadow (now found as sufix in place names) |
tún |
|
| ullac |
outlaw |
útlagi |
| vague (MF) |
wave |
vágr |
| vamôque |
poppy |
valmogi; valmoghe in OS |
| varangue (MF) |
on a boat, 2 component piece in the lower part of a torque (Naut) |
OD vrang; Ic röng |
| varou |
werwolf |
varúlfr |
| vâtre |
mess, messy water |
* vatn (water) |
| vélingue |
kind of seaweed |
vringla (to roll up) |
| vendinc |
place where the plough is turned (Agric) |
from AS : wending in OE |
| vibord (MF) |
(Naut) |
vígi-borð |
| vic (MF) |
bay |
vík |
| videco |
woodcock |
vidhkokkr (vidhr (wood) and kokkr (cock)) |
| viquet |
wicket |
víkjask (to slip away) |
| virewite, virouette |
weather cock |
veðr-viti |
| volle |
round hill (now found as suffix in place names) |
hvóll |
| vrek, vrak, vré |
wrack (seaweed) |
reki or vágrek, OD vrek |
One thought on “Old Norse Words in the Norman Dialect”